Real-Time Grid Monitoring and Protection: A Comprehensive Survey on the Advantages of Phasor Measurement Units

The emerging smart-grid and microgrid concept implementation into the conventional power system brings complexity due to incorporation of various renewable energy sources non-linear inverter-based devices. occurrence frequent outages may have a significant negative impact on nation’s economic, societal, fiscal standing. As result, it is essential employ sophisticated monitoring measuring technology. Implementing phasor measurement units (PMUs) in modern systems about substantial improvement beneficial solutions, mainly protection issues challenges. PMU-assisted state estimation, phase angle monitoring, oscillation voltage stability fault detection, cyberattack identification are few prominent applications. Although research has been carried out aspects PMU applications protection, can be evolved from its current infancy stage become an open domain achieve further improvements novel approaches. three principal objectives emphasized this review. first objective present all methods synchro-phasor-based application estimate states dynamic phenomena time intervals observe centrally, which helps make appropriate decisions for better protection. second discuss analyze post-disturbance scenarios adopted through schemes based accurate synchronized measurements GPS synchronization. Thirdly, review summarizes showcasing innovative breakthroughs, addressing existing challenges, highlighting areas future enhance resilience against catastrophic events.